The green fruits contain a toxic milky sap that is extremely bitter and turns into a gluey coating which is resistant to soap. It has been widely naturalized elsewhere including australia, hawaii, california, and the caribbean and from mexico to. Study of the cytotoxic effect of calotropis procera on. Calotropis procera cp fiber is a natural and renewable material with great lumen and hydrophobicoleophilic characteristics, providing it with a good oil absorption capacity. Biological morphology and ethanopharmocological importance. By contrast, calotropis gigantea crownflower is a similar but tallergrowing species that typically rises to 15.
Morphoecological aspects on the pollination of calotropis. Pollinia green and somewhat sticky, translator brown. Each flower producing significant quantities of nectar. Phosphatase in pollen grains and pollen tubes of calotropis procera. Population ecology and economic importance of calotropis. Calotropis procera is a medicinal plant whose pharmacological properties are associated with its latex. Pollinia canary yellow, orientation pollinium is pendulous, ellipsoid and lacking a pellicid germinating mouth, corpusculum and pollinial sac is obovate fig.
The plant is erect, tall, large, much branched and perennial with milky latex throughout. It it has a deep taproot, 34 m deep, and a secondary root system with woody lateral roots that may rapidly regenerate adventitious. Phytochemical investigation of different plant parts of. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences india, section b, 572. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of the whole. Anticancer and antibacterial activity of calotropis. Insights on the phytochemical profile cyclopeptides and. Study on antibacterial activity of calotropis procera. It has a native range from indian to iran and africa. The aqueous extract of the latex has been shown to inhibit cellular infiltration and afford protection against development of neoplastic changes in the transgenic mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Pdf antibacterial potential of calotropis procera flower.
After 24 h, 50 l of calotropis procera extract was added and pictures were obtained at 0, 24 and 48 h of treatment to evaluate the antibacterial activity of calotropis procera extract. Transcriptomic and metabolic responses of calotropis procera. Calotropis procera asclepiadaceae grows in israel under extremely hot climatic conditions. Floral polymorphism in sympatric populations of calotropis procera ait. Anticancer and antibacterial activity of calotropis procera. A pollinium plural pollinia is a coherent mass of pollen grains in a plant that are the product of only one anther, but are transferred, during pollination, as a. Calotropis gigantea crown flower is a species of calotropis the giant milkweed, calotropis procera, is native to the old world from the arabian peninsula to west, north and east africa, also from southern asia to malaysia. Calotropis procera is a medicinal plant and many pharmacological properties are associated with its latex, which is a rich source of biologically active compounds. It is widely used in the indian traditional medicinal system as well as in arabic, unani, and sudanese systems. There are two varieties of sodom apple, calotropis procera and calotropis gigantea, from the plant family apocynaceae that are native to north and tropical africa, western and south asia. Calotropis procera is inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimalarial and hepatoprotective for patients ali et al. Calotropis procera commonly known as milk weed or 7 swallow wart is a glabrous or hairy laticiferous shrub or small tree found in subtropical asia 8 and tropical and africa perwez alam et al. Pdf pollination biology of calotropis procera subsp.
Calotropis procera is a flowering plant in the family apocynaceae geneianales. The agglutination pollen to form waxy pollinia is a rare event and is seen in the families, namely asclepiadaceae and. Due to hydration, the pollen masses become loose and by. Jun 04, 2017 calotropis a medicinal plant of family asclepiadaceae has been utilized in ayurveda, unani, siddha and many other traditional systems to cure diseases. Sizes of pollinia of different taxa of family asclepiadaceae found under the investigation. Bacterial community dynamics with rhizosphere of calotropis. The biology of calotropis procera aiton wt request pdf. Pollinaria removal and pollinia insertion mechanisms are described.
Calotropis procera is a species of flowering plant in the family apocynaceae that is native to north africa, tropical africa, western asia, south asia, and indochina. The flowers are mainly purple on a background of creamygreen, and are stunning to look at. Asclepiadaceae has been known to the traditional systems of medicine and plant known as madar in unani medicinal system. The crude latex was partitioned, yielding five fractions 49. Here an attempt has been made to investigate the chemical present in the plant for curing various diseases. It has strong action for treating skin infections like leucoderma, eczema and. Nematicidal, calotropis procera, aqueous, vegetative. A coronary outgrowth is present at the back of each stamen. Widely it is used medicinally, to treat boils, infected wounds and other skin problems in people. The analgesic activity of the crude extract and the fitoterapia, 636. Calotropis procera stem, leaves and flowers collected in november 2012 from rewa. The plant contains a milky sap consisting of a complex mix of chemicals including cardiac aglycones belonging to the same chemical family as therapeutic chemicals. It typically grows to 68 rarely to as much as 15 tall.
Potential alternatives to chemical pesticides, authornighat begum, journalbritish journal of applied science and technology, year20, volume3, pages254267. Calotropis procera are in common use in indigenous system of medicine mukherjee et al, 2010. Is often found as a weed throughout india in more or less warm dry places, predominantly in subhimalayan tracts, deccan to kanya kumari. The pollinia are the product of only one anther and attached to an adhesive. Pollinia loads on the sexes of the two carpenter bees, xylocopa pubescens spinola and xylocopa fenestrata fabr. Traditional doctors in west africa have 9 claimed to have successfully used the plant to cure many diseases. Calotropis thrives with minimal soil moisture and in some regions of the sahel, it is the only plant that survives the harsh conditions. A brief account of the properties of latex of both species was presented by serma and verma 1. A contribution of the palynological criteria in evaluating the. Flower morphology is adapted towards the concealment of nectar, in order to protect it against robbery by ants and from evaporation. Introduction calotropis procera is a spreading shrub or small tree up to four meters exuding copious milky sap when cut or broken. Apocynaceae, an invasive woody milkweed, has expanded its range in northern australia affecting rangeland and pastoral productivity. Morphoecological aspects on the pollination of calotropis procera. Calotropis procera is a droughtresistant and salttolerant species that is capable.
The pollinia of the adjacent anthers are joined by their retinaculae to corpusculum in a groove, to form a unit known as translator. Pdf floral morphological diversity and phylogenetic relationship were. Corona and nectar system in asclepiadinae asclepiadaceae. Calotropis gigantea called swetarka and calotropis procera called raktarka. Apocynaceae, an invasive woody milkweed, has expanded its range in northern australia affecting. Calotropis procera, commonly called small crownflower or giant milkweed, is an upright, spreading, milkysapped, evergreen shrub or small tree of the milkweed family.
Here, the calotropis procera latex fractions were investigated in an attempt to trace its phytochemical profile and measure its antiinflammatory and toxicity activity. A total of four soil rhizosphere samples associated with two desert plants namely calotropis procera and senna alexandrina, two samples each figures s2 and s3, respectively, were collected. Biological morphology and ethanopharmocological importance of. Gujarat forestry research foundation, indroda park, ayurvedic udyan, sarita udyan, van chetana kendra, infocity, basan. Study of the cytotoxic effect of calotropis procera on breast. Using methanol extraction method, we characterized the calotropis procera using ftir and uvvis spectrophotometry. Determination of number of pollen grains per pollinium. Calotropis a medicinal plant of family asclepiadaceae has been utilized in ayurveda. Though several proteases such as procerain, procerain b, cpcp1, cpcp2, and cpcp3 have been isolated and. Floristic account of the asclepiadaceous species from the. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of the whole plant. The latex of cryptostegia grandiflora is used as the source of rubber on commercial scale. In order to increase the absorption efficiency of organic oils and solvents, cp fiber was treated with either 0. Pollinia while being inserted within the stigmatic chamber, are soaked in the liquid nectar which, by its concentration controls pollen germination.
The levels of pollinator activity differed significantly between the sites studied. Calotropis procera is a plant which is used in several traditional medicine and folklore systems to cure various ailments as reported in the hindu literature. Carpels 2 distinct, ovaries free but upper portion of style and stigma are fused, superior, placentation marginal, ovules many per locule, stigmatic head. Ontogenetical and histochemical studies on the translator apparatus. It is native to north africa, tropical africa, western asia, south asia, and indochina. A second species, introduced but otherwise similar in all respects other than for the distinctive flowers is calotropis gigantea. The name apple of sodom and dead sea apple comes from the fact that the ancient authors. By contrast, calotropis gigantea crownflower is a similar but tallergrowing species that typically rises to 15 tall.
Existence of different floral varieties in same species is very common in nature and few. In this study, further prospects towards the in vivo toxicity and oral immunological tolerance of phytomodulatory proteins isolated from the latex of c. The two pollinia of adjacent anther halves, two retinacula and a corpusculum together form a single translator. The pollinium of calotropis procera is developed from a group of elongated mother cells which undergo meiosis and lead to the formation of linear tetnspores, microspores and finally to a united pollen mass. Two calotropis species may be encountered in east africa. Calotropis gigantea grows to a height of 8 to 10 ft 2. Calotropis procera, a plant from apocynaceae family has been shown to have anticancer properties in several studies. Aug 25, 2017 calotropis procera apocynaceae is a popular medicinal plant and the claims of this shrubs phytomedicinal properties have been scientifically validated. Calotropis procera planted in satis site, suez canal university, ismailia, egypt. Asclepiadaceae was screened for phytochemical properties, antimicrobial agar dilution method activity and effectiveness on third instar larvae of anopheles stephansi. This plant is found in tropical africa and several parts of asia. Description of important plants in semitechnical language. The leaves are used to treat joint pain and reduce swelling. Pollination efficiency is thus likely dependent on both pollinator abundance and plant density.
Calotropis procera an overview sciencedirect topics. The extracts from different parts of the plant have significant therapeutic value. Calotropis procera is regarded as useful medicinal plant and used in folk medicine. Though several proteases such as procerain, procerain b, cpcp1, cpcp2, and cpcp3 have been isolated and characterized, the information of their transcripts. This will involve identifying superior propagation material and. Common names for the plant include apple of sodom, sodom apple, stabragh, kings crown, rubber bush, and rubber tree.
Enjoy the videos and music you love, upload original content, and share it all with friends, family, and the world on youtube. Jan 01, 2011 the ethanol extracts of flowers, young bud, mature leaves and stems of calotropis procera ait. Seeds winged, very numerous, each about 810 x 5 mm, attached by. Phytochemical screening and biological activity of. Ontogenic study of the pollinia of calotropis procera asclepiadaceae. If this insect visits another flower, the pollinia are readily pushed into one of the slits, and will slip into the stigmatic chamber, thus effecting cross pollination. The leaves are sessile and subsessile, opposite, ovate, cordate at the base. The two types of the plant are also known as the apple of sodom, desert apple, giant milkweed or sodoms milkweed, rubber bush, swallowwort, dead sea apple, and ushar arabic. Plant details information about calotropis procera plant. Jun 05, 2017 calotropis procera has been reported from the punjab state of india saini et al. Anthers short and broad with a solitary pollinium pendulous in each cell.
Pdf the morphological diversification of pollinia of some members. Phytochemical investigation of calotropis procera sciencedirect. Ecophysiological traits of invasive c3 species calotropis. Calotropis a medicinal plant of family asclepiadaceae has been utilized in ayurveda, unani, siddha and many other traditional systems to cure diseases. The latex of calotropis gigantean and calotropis procera is used in tanning industry for deodorizing, removing hair and imparting yellow color to the hides. Serious leaf spot disease problem of calotropis procera. Morphology reproductive morphology flowers pollinia pollinia 1. Morphology calotropis procera is a single or multiple stemmed shrub of 26meter height 2328 stems are grayishgreen in color, smooth in texture figure 3. Crude oil removal using calotropis procera bioresources. The evergreen c3 plant calotropis procera is native to arid environments. The agglutination pollen to form waxy pollinia is a rare event and is seen in the families. The plant is one of the important traditional herbal medicines in every home of india. Pdf a phylogenetic study of floral morphology of some members. Calotropis procera linn is an erect, tall, large, much branched and perennial shrubs or small trees that grow to a height of 5.
Morphoecological aspects on the pollination of calotropis procera asclepiadaceae in israel. Pollination of a flower with one pollinium is sufficient for the development of a follicle. Fruit large, about 10 x 67 cm producing a milky exudate when cut. Pdf most of the natural systems of plant classification have been based on. Cysteine protease profiles of the medicinal plant calotropis. Phytochemical screening and biological activity of calotropis. Journal of advanced scientific research issn 09769595. Studies at 3 sites in the karachi area, pakistan, showed that the main pollinators of c. Aiton is a spreading shrub or mediumsized tree reaching 2.
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